© DAVID CARR-SMITH 2005 : all images & text are copyrighted - please accredit text quotes - image reproduction must be negotiated via dave@artinst.entadsl.com

Key F11 for full-screen on/off.

Click on images to enlarge.



BOOK:  DAVID CARR-SMITH  -  IMPROVISED ARCHITECTURE IN AMSTERDAM INDUSTRIAL SQUATS & COLLECTIVES

"DE LOODS" WESTERDOK SQUAT 1979 to 2003/04   - p2(of 3)

 WORK- & LIVING-SPACES


< DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p1: INTRO < 
   DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p2: HOMES  
> DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p3: HOMES - cont >
          

.

DE LOODS WESTERDOK WORK- & LIVING-SPACES

.

FIVE TYPES OF SITE - EIGHT TYPES OF USE

Shown here and on page 3 are three workshops and twelve homes - responses to the site's five types of environment:

.

SITE 1:  DE LOODS - SHED

TYPE 1-1: USE OF THE UNTRANSFORMED SHED 
The most simple use of the shed required no differentiation of its space. A portion of this functionally undedfined shed is equally sufficient for its original use for entrepot storage as for its new use as the enclosure for large-scale fabrication work. 
BAS & ROB - WORKSHOP - [bays 50 to 53]

TYPE 1-2: TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO WORK-SPACES   
Small scale making required a relatively simple differentiation of a relatively small portion of the shed. However, with 10m painted side walls squeezing a mere 4m (1 bay) width, a domestic-scale windowed frontage filling the blank loading-door's frame, and its high volume divided by a floor, the presence of the containing shed is banished to the edges of even a simple workshop. Four small work-shops/studios were made inside De Loods - two are shown here.
MARIJKA - FURNITURE WORKSHOP - [bay 25]
WILMER
- PAINTING STUDIO - [bay 28]

TYPE 1-3: TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO HOMES   
In the empty undivided shed establishing a home required dividing off a portion, differentiating the volume within it, installing/re-routing services, providing the manifold requirements of domestic living. Five such homes were built inside De Loods - three are shown here - the earliest: the first home built in De Loods, is presented first. This first De Loods home is transitional between a type 1-1 workshop and a 'house' - it scatters its functional parts in a single layer over its huge site like installations on a workshop floor. The two other homes densely fill the volume of their more restricted portions of the shed.
ALMA LANGEVELD - FAMILY HOME - [bays 19 to 21]
GRACE DE LA LUNA
- HOME & WORK-SPACE - [bays 17/18]
EELCO LEEMANS
- HOME - [bays 29/30 + parts of 31 to 33]
.

SITE 2:  DE LOODS - CUSTOMS OFFICE 

TYPE 2: DOMESTIC ADAPTATION OF OFFICE-SPACE
The erstwhile Customs House is a portion of De Loods specialised for offices which required only minor adaptation for domestic use [Re: SILO - CENTRE STAIR offices]. Occupied by a single family.
RENÉ & ANNALOOS - FAMILY HOME - [bays 33 to 37]
.

SITE 3:  DE LOODS - DOCK-WORKERS' HOUSE

TYPE 3: SQUATTING AN EXISTING HOUSE
The dock-workers' house is a portion of De Loods pre-designed as homes, which thus required no adaptation to domestic use beyond personal choice of furniture and fittings. Occupied (in 1994) by eight people. One example is shown here.
ERIC - HOME & DESIGN-OFFICE - [bays 48/49] 
.

SITE 4:  WESTERDOK QUAY

TYPE 4-1:  WHOLE SELF-MADE HOUSES
Complete little independent houses were built on the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
AFRA - 'CARAVAN' HOME - [fronting N-end bungalow: 'bay 53+']
HASSAN - HOME - [fronting bays 52/53]
JOLIEN VAN DER MADEN 
- FAMILY HOME - [fronting bays 43/44]

TYPE 4-2:  PARKED MOBILE HOMES
Caravans parked on the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
GRACE DE LA LUNA - [fronting bay apprx 3]
CRISTINE - [fronting bay apprx 5]
.

SITE 5:  WESTERDOK 

TYPE 5: BERTHED LIVING-BOATS
Living-boats moored against the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
NOA - HOME & WORK-PLACE - [fronting bays apprx 24]
FRANCIEN
- HOME - [fronting bays apprx 14]

 

DE LOODS WESTERDOK SHED: BAY REF-NUMBERS & APT/WK-SHOP NAMES / QUAY= HOUSE NAMES (at 1994)  

(SITE DR 1994--) 

[ NB: Shed bay-numbers (south to north = 1 to 54) are for my convenience - I never knew the official numbers ]

[ Due to time & access limitations info is incomplete --- too late now [2005]! - the City council has destroyed the entire site ]

De Loods comprises x54 4m wide bays (and a north end 1960 'house' extension). Its width is 10.5m; max ht 8m.

.

TYPE 1-1: DE LOODS - USE OF THE UNTRANSFORMED SHED

The shed as an undifferentiated enclosure. This functionally undefined shed is equally sufficient for its original use for entrepot storage as for its new use as the enclosure of a fabrication workshop. 

Shown here is the most pure example of Type 1. A similar workshop in a similarly undifferentiated portion of the shed (though closed at its south end by the new wall of an adjacent home) can be seen below [Re: LEEN Workshop - EELCO LEEMANS HOME].

.

BAS & ROB WORKSHOP (1993--) [bays 51 to 53]

DE LOODS - BAS & ROB WORKSHOP

(pic 9-94 / to NE)

The shed in its original condition: an undifferentiated enclosed space. This final 5 bay portion north of the dock-workers' house was used entire - already seperated from the rest of the shed it did not even require end-walls.

DE LOODS - BAS & ROB WORKSHOP

(pic 9-94 / to NE)

.

TYPE 1-2: DE LOODS - TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SHED INTO WORK-SPACES
.

MARIJKE SMIT FURNITURE WORKSHOP (19##--) [bay 25]

DE LOODS - MARIJKA FURNITURE WORKSHOP

(pic 9-94 / to W)

DE LOODS - MARIJKA FURNITURE WORKSHOP

(pic 9-94 / to W)

.

WILMER PAINTING STUDIO (19##--) [bay 28]

DE LOODS - WILMER PAINTING STUDIO

(pic 9-94 / to W)

DE LOODS - WILMER PAINTING STUDIO

(pic 9-94 / to EEN)

.

TYPE 1-3: DE LOODS - TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SHED INTO HOMES

Three out of the 5 homes built inside De Loods are shown here. They illustrate three different ways of organising the relation of home to location.

Alma’s, the earliest of the three homes, treats the shed-space as an ‘open site’ to build on - her house is a developed stage of the tented camp that was its inception. Unlike the other two examples, the ‘house-like’ part: its heated living/bed room, is not identical with a portion of the Shed itself, but is a box within the enclosure; the primary space of the shed is thus never conquered and digested as ‘home’. She prefers this ‘exterior’ solution, the contrast of sealed home and ‘open’ shed: (ALMA: “You couldn’t see the interesting things in De Loods under an ugly ceiling”).

Grace’s home is the opposite of the first, filling its site to the almost total physical and mental exclusion of its origin. It packs a narrow 8m slice of Shed with such dense convoluted routes of such strangely linked places, so fascinatingly encrusted with objects, that one can become lost inside it and (as in a dream or story) forget its location and lose sense of size and orientation.

Eelco’s well-made conventional wooden house excises a rectangular 2-bay section of the shed between the usual cement-block walls - unusually however these can be seen from without, like the facades of a row-house. It is entered through a scavenged ‘cottage-door’ approached along a flag-stoned ‘garden-path’ wending between machines across a large fore-court of unredeemed workshop (itself entered through a steel door in De Loods’ road front). At its rear one exits through a 'back-door' into a small 'back-yard'. The dwelling can thus be more completely appraised as an object: a ‘house inside a shed’ (almost a ‘whole-house’ version of Alma’s living-room 'box').

.
THE FIRST HOME-BUILDING INSIDE DE LOODS

In January 1983 much of De Loods was rented to companies for store-space; there was one squatted studio-space [Paul], and several people now occupied the rail-workers house.

The first time De Loods was squatted with the intention of building homes in it was January ‘83 when a group of five (a single and two couples) came from a neighbourhood squat, soon to be destroyed. As it turned out only two of this group succeeded in forming a home beyond the ‘break-even point’: up to which the investment can be defeated by memories of comfort!

The group took a 6-bay wide space (24x10m), next to Paul’s enormous studio, divided from it by the ubiquitous polythene-curtain (of all squats’ first-stage of territory differentiation). It was very cold - they collected building materials and left (into accommodation courtesy of the neighbourhood squatting group) - returning in April to find a new squatter building with their materials, they helped him and replaced them from the skips of the Houtmann renovation (an ex-squatted warehouse on Van Diemensstaat). 

That summer the four remaining (the single man had left) camped in tents inside their space - built a WC and shower (water piped through a 40m hose from a still-functioning De Loods WC), and two cement-block walled top-less living-enclosures. Before the winter they capped these ‘boxes’ with timber-stiffened board ceilings and installed heaters. The group dispersed however: one couple left and the other separated, dividing the space and ‘living-boxes’ between them - one of these is described below.

.

ALMA LANGEVELD HOME (1983--)  [bays 19 to 21]
[Quotes are Alma's]

Alma has continued to differentiate her living-space around the core of its initial (8m x 4·5m x 2·4m high) box-like inner room. This functions as a separate warm and comfortable ‘house’ within the ‘outside’ space of the voluminous enclosure of her portion of the shed, where other domestic needs/functions are grouped along a kind of ‘street’, continuous with its entrance-passage.

Lined up along the west side is a row of cupboard-like objects (hiding a store-space behind): first a curtained yellow WC raised over its drain; then kitchen-store, clothes-store, etc-stores. Opposite: a toy kitchen, plastic-roofed shower (with a mosaic quadrant tub), and a rudimentary kitchen with bottled-gas hob (so common in Amsterdam flats and squats). Overhead the lagged water-pipes are part of “a huge system of garden-hoses along the tops of walls and through the gardens serving many boats and seven shed-dwellers” - all originating about 60M away in the old Customs Offices [Ref: RENÉ & ANNALOOS HOME].

This dwelling is another example of enhancement of sensation and significance by contrast - (subdued in ‘mass-houses’ and replaced by mass-media stimulants): Entering the big enclosing windowless shed and steering for the cosy inner room is like approaching a house across its walled plot (albeit a house that has spilled some of its more physical functions outside). Though the big shed is ‘outside’ to the inner room, it is a ‘blind’ enclosure (more opaque than a dark night!) - the fact that only by going further in: into the most inward and enclosed space, can the true outside be seen, gives the inner windowed room an almost magical intensity of provision: an experiential temenos! [Ref: EELCO L HOME].

In cold weather especially, the dialectic of room/shed // outside/inside was paradoxical and funny: if from shed into room felt like ‘going indoors’ in terms of space and warmth, it yet led to contact with the real-outside...thus leaving the room again and going into the enclosure of the shed to cook and so on, evoked a sense of entering the ‘even-more inner parts of a house’, yet in fact exposed one to the stimulating rigours of camping! Alma: “One cooks with ones winter coat on.”.

Almost the whole home (structure and fittings) is scrap, free or cheap: cement-blocks are second-hand, the inner-room’s’ ceiling is skipped wood and board (its flimsiness assisted by two wire-cables to the trusses above), its two big windows filling the loading-doors were free from a hall-of-residence re-con (they fitted exactly without cutting - a story of ‘luck’ one hears so frequently in relation to improvisation it begins to seem somehow innate in the situation or ‘mind-set’); the stove was the only new item, and “very expensive”.

On its large 'weather-sealed-plot' the home continues to change: the big ceilinged box of the living-room has (1995) grown a smaller replica extension (for the seven year old daughter) onto the unused site ‘outside’.

(Alma - talking about her 7 year old: “When she has a friend to stay they say ‘This is a strange house’ ... she doesn’t find their houses strange ‘They’re the common sort’”.)

DE LOODS (BAYS 23 to 20) WESTERDOK FACADE: ALMA HOME ENTRY

(pic 6-94 / to E)

The 2 left bays [23/22] are Jaques' home. The 2 right bays [21/20] are part of Alma's 3-bay home. The blue door is Alma's 'front-door' opening directly into the 'open-site' of her home.

ALMA HOME - THE HOME'S 'OUTSIDE' SPACE FROM NEAR THE ENTRY PASSAGE.

(pic 9-94 / to S)

ALMA HOME - ''OUTSIDE' SPACE: SHOWER COMPARTMENT

(pic 9-94 / to NE)

The rt wall is the 'outside' wall of the compartment - in the next pic one can see the box that powers the shower & the hoses & pipes that constitute part of the water system: a fragment of the long hose-system whose source is in Eelco/Leen's toilet [bay 33-E]. 

ALMA HOME - 'OUTSIDE' SPACE

(pic 9-94 / to NNW)

The home's entry passage from the 'front-door' is at the far end & to the left. On the left side is the big white box & open door of the heated living room. 

ALMA HOME - 'INSIDE' SPACE - LIVING-ROOM

(pic 9-94 / to SW)

ALMA HOME - INSIDE' SPACE - LIVING-ROOM

(pic 9-94 / to NW)

ALMA HOME - 'INSIDE' SPACE - LIVING-ROOM - N END: BED & CHILD'S PLAY-SPACE

(pic 9-94 / to NNE)

ALMA HOME - INSIDE' SPACE - LIVING-ROOM - N END: CHILD'S PLAY-SPACE

(pic 9-94 / to NNE)

.

GRACE DE LA LUNA HOME (1988--)  [bays 17 / 18]   
[The text is my 1994 after-visit recollection of the experience of the house - necesarily edited]

It packs its quite narrow 8m slab so densely, like an intestine - such a convoluted route of spaces, so strangly linked, so beautiful in their rich incrustation of objects, that one forgets completely it's inside a great bare shed, except as one rounds the back kitchen where the space opens and the house recedes - the coldness of the rear road washes in like a brief tide over huge worn flag-stones and the shed shows its walls.  

A weirdly childlike house, more like a story than a ‘real place’, but concrete, sensational, complex and rational, constructionally proficient and marvellously ‘crafted’ - using things as needed yet always so straightforwardly they invariably show the beauty of their presence: objects as industrial as De Loods itself and others of ‘luxurious uselessness’.  

  ... in process

DE LOODS (BAYS 15 to 18) WESTERDOKSDIJK FACADE: GRACE HOME [BAYS 17/18]

(pic 9-94 / to WWS)

Along the shed's dismal rear from its south end, Grace's bay 17 construction of windows (found by Maria) is the first evidence of individualistic intervention. To its left, bay 16 is in fact the rear of a little house [Dick's]; to the left of that is the last of 15 unsquatted bays still used by a company.

DE LOODS (BAYS 16 to 23) WESTERDOK FACADE: GRACE HOME [BAYS 17/18]

(pic 1-92 / to EEN)

 

DE LOODS - GRACE HOME [BAYS 17/18]

(pic 9-94 / to EEN)

Bay 18 [pic lft] is Djeff's room. Grace made its strange window with cheap triangular offcuts from a glass co.. The terrace construction is by Maria; its roof 'totem' is a performance prop.

 

GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: DJEFF'S ROOM

(pic 9-94 / to W)

GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: DJEFF'S ROOM

(pic 9-94 / to EEN) 

GRACE HOME [BAY 18 to 17]: 

(pic 9-94 / to WWN) 

GRACE HOME [BAY 18 to 17]: KITCHEN

(pic 9-94 / to EES)

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FROM KITCHEN: HALL OF E STAIR

(pic 9-94 / to SE)

The red curtain was a Russian gift.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: E STAIR TO 'ZYKLUS' STORE

(pic 9-94 / to WWS)

Before the house was enclosed the performance group 'Zyklus' made props in de Loods.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: E STAIR TOP: 'ZYKLUS' STORE

(pic 9-94 / to WWS)

GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: 'ZYCLES' STORE: N SIDE

(pic 9-94 / to NNW) 

Upper back store space.

GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: FRONT STORE SPACE 

(pic 9-94 / to WWN)

Upper front store space for Grace's shop clothes. 

Polythene guides water from the leaky skylight to a pipe through the front facade.

GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: FRONT STORE SPACE 

(pic 9-94 / to WWS)

Upper front store space with curtained entry to SW room.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FRONT S ROOM 

(pic 9-94 / to SW)

Upper front (SW) room from the Store-space exit.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FRONT S ROOM 

(pic 9-94 / to N)

Upper front (SW) room with curtained entry from front store-space a metre up the wall [pic: rt].

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FRONT S ROOM 

(pic 9-94 / to E)

This front upper room is windowed with the strip that heads each bay-door of De Loods, here at floor level - a mirror like a hole in the facing wall reflects Westerdok's waves. 

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FRONT S ROOM 

(pic 9-94 / to NE)

Upper front (SW) room with curtained entry from front store-space & floor-hole stair to the front lower room.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: FRONT S ROOM 

(pic 9-94 / to E)

Lower front (SW) room with stair from the upper front room & passage to rear stair.

GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: PASSAGE TO FRONT (SW) ROOM FROM NEAR REAR STAIR

(pic 9-94 / to W)

Passage from rear stair hall to front (SW) room, (runs parallel to another short passage from the kitchen to the front NW room (Djeff's)).

.

EELCO LEEMANS HOME (WIEKE: 1985 or 86- / EELCO: 1989-- )  [bays 29 / 30]

A cement-block walled and wooden floored two-story ’house’ with a ‘forecourt’ and ‘back-yard’, excising a two-bay section of the Shed. Begun in ‘85 or ‘86 by Wieke van der Hayden who built its walls; then had to leave and sold them to Eelco in ‘87 “at cost”. He completed the wooden interior (with family carpenter help) in three summer months.

The other De Loods homes (like row-housing) share their demarcating walls. Unlike them Eelco’s is flanked by open workshop spaces and presents its 'exterior' walls to the interior of the Shed as facades - thus its bizarre characteristic: seen from the Shed’s exterior it is like the other De Loods homes co-existent with it, from the interior however it resembles a ‘house’ standing on a plot of land. Approached across its 8m ‘forecourt’ of grimy flagstones littered with ‘garden-features’ of rusty machines, its facade fills the shed’s pitched-roof-section with a stereotypical ‘house-shape’, even emitting a ‘welcome-glow’ through the windows of its scavenged ‘cottage-style' door - while at its ‘rear’ a ‘back-door’ opens into a walled ‘back-yard’, overlooked by living- and wash-rooms through domestic ‘cottage-style’ windows. Facing these facades one forgets that this familiar house-form is enclosed under, is using as its own the shed's great roof ! 

.
THE HOME AND ITS ENVIRONS: A SYMBOLIC JOURNEY  
[synopsis (5-1993) - for 1992 video] 

The house itself though stylish & well made is a conventional example of an Amsterdam improvised home - experienced in relation to its location however it is evocative of dreams! The form is that of a journey moving inwards towards its goal through sucessive spatial enclosures. The public roads, the huge squatted shed, the multifarious necessities of the domestic centre nest inside each other in a sequence of containing spaces diminishing in size as they increase in complexity.

The sequence runs as follows :

First the space of the limitless sky & wide water of Het Ij, riding west from Centraal Station along De Ruijterkade, narrowing into the vanishing perspective of Westerdoksdijk, a straight trough of dirty cobbles between embanked trains & the great length of the squatted brick shed.

Then through a steel door into the second space, the voluminous and simple interior of the squatted building, the high grey volume of a rust and machine littered workshop, its length blocked by the new wall of a house built entirely within it, emitting a "welcome-glow" through the little windows of its 'cottage door'.

Entering this third space resembles a dream-threshold, so extreme is the dislocation in the context of expectation, the sudden knowledge one has reached a centre - the familiarity of home. Completely within the harshness of street alley shed: the comfort & security, the relaxation & beauty of an entire little house opening through wide glazing onto idyllic water-fringing terraces. A transformation so unforseen that (for me at least) it evokes fairy-tales.

A paradigm of a symbolic journey to a hidden temenos, passing thresholds of significence towards a precious centre of renewal & safety (- it resembles an illustration to a text of Analytical Psychology!).

DE LOODS (BAYS 33/34) WESTERDOKSDIJK FACADE: 19A ENTRY TO EELCO'S HOME 

(pic 9-93 / to NW)

Near the centre of the long Shed, to the left of Annaloos' & Rene's Customs-House, the pink steel '19A' door leads to Leen's workshop, the 'forecourt' of Eelco's house. 

EELCO HOME: '19A' ENTRY-LOBBY

(vid-frame 1-92 / to N)

The door at the N-end is the wc. The '19A' entry door is off-pic-rt.. Our back is to the workshop entry.

EELCO HOME: WC IN '19A' ENTRY-LOBBY

(vid-frame 1-92 / to E)

In the flanking pilaster of the Custom-House facade & now accessed from the entry lobby of 19A there is a small wc which Eelco shares with Leen.

EELCO HOME: ITS 'FRONT FACADE' FROM ACROSS LEEN'S WORKSHOP 'FORECOURT'

(pic 9-93 / to SSW)

EELCO HOME: ITS 'FRONT FACADE' FROM ACROSS LEEN'S WORKSHOP 'FORECOURT'

(pic 8 or 9-93 / to SSW)

EELCO HOME: 'FRONT FACADE' FROM LEEN'S WORKSHOP 'FORECOURT'

(pic 9-93 / to S)

EELCO HOME: KITCHEN THROUGH 'FRONT-DOOR' ENTRY

(pic 9-93 / to S)

Looking into the kitchen from the workshop through the open 'front-door' .

EELCO HOME: KITCHEN - LEEN'S WORKSHOP THROUGH 'FRONT-DOOR' EXIT

(pic 9-93 / to N)

Looking back through the home's open 'front-door' into Leen's workshop & beyond into the street-entry lobby.

 

EELCO HOME: KITCHEN

(pic 9-93 / to NNE)

Through the home’s front-door one enters its kitchen, sealed from the gloomy road but for a high strip of windows. There one can choose the shower/wash-machine room and thence to the ‘back-yard’; or turn into the beautiful wooden living-room facing the green quay and Westerdok water & a ladder to a bedroom. 

EELCO HOME: KITCHEN

(pic 8 or 9-93 / to NW) 

The living-room door is open and the dividing wall's large window rendered translucent with a (?)sheet. 

EELCO HOME: KITCHEN

(pic 9-93 / to S)

The exit to the 'outside' space of the 'back-yard' is in the shower/wc/washer-room & through a 'back-door'. The window looks out into the yard.

EELCO HOME: WC?WASH (SHOWER & CLOTHES) ROOM

(pic 8 or 9-93 / to SSE) 

Wash-room mirror corner - the shower is to the right; the exit-door into the yard behind us

EELCO HOME: LIVING ROOM WITH STAIR TO BEDROOM & EXIT TO WESTERDOK QUAY 

(pic 9-93 / to WWN)

EELCO HOME: LIVING ROOM EXIT TO GARDEN & WESTERDOK QUAY

(pic 9-93 / to NW)

EELCO HOME: LIVING ROOM WITH EXIT TO KITCHEN & STAIR TO BEDROOM

(pic 9-93 / to EES)

The window [pic rt] overlooks the 'back-yard'.

EELCO HOME: LIVING ROOM - STAIR TO BEDROOM

(pic 8 or 9-93 / to WWS)

 

EELCO HOME: BEDROOM

(pic 9-93 / to NNW)

The bedroom in the triangle of the Shed’s roof, lit by its big skylight and, along its junction with the floor a narrow strip-window (filled with a view of Westerdok waves).

EELCO HOME: ITS 'BACK FACADE' & 'BACK YARD'

(pic 9-93 / to WWN)

The 'normality' of the rear of the house, with its curtained 'cottage' style (scrap) windows & its 'back-yard', is eerily at odds with its encasement in a huge shed. 

.

^ Top    > Next Page >  

< DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p1: INTRO <  
^  DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p2: HOMES  
> DE LOODS WESTERDOK - p3: HOMES >