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CONTENTS | 4 SITES | TETTERODE | DE LOODS | EDELWEIS | APPENDICES | NOTES | SUB-SITES |
BOOK: DAVID CARR-SMITH - IMPROVISED ARCHITECTURE IN AMSTERDAM INDUSTRIAL SQUATS & COLLECTIVES
"DE
LOODS" WESTERDOK SQUAT 1979 to 2003/04 -
p2(of 3)
WORK-
& LIVING-SPACES
. DE
LOODS WESTERDOK WORK- & LIVING-SPACES . FIVE
TYPES OF SITE - EIGHT TYPES OF USE Shown here and on
page 3 are three workshops and twelve homes - responses to the site's five types of environment:
DE
LOODS WESTERDOK - p2: HOMES
>
DE
LOODS WESTERDOK - p3: HOMES - cont >
SITE 1: DE LOODS - SHED
TYPE
1-1: USE OF THE UNTRANSFORMED SHED
The most simple use of the shed required no
differentiation of its space.
A portion of this functionally undedfined shed is equally sufficient for its original
use for entrepot storage as for its new use as the enclosure for large-scale
fabrication work.
BAS & ROB - WORKSHOP - [bays 50 to 53]
TYPE
1-2: TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO WORK-SPACES
Small scale making required a relatively simple
differentiation of a relatively small portion of the shed. However, with 10m painted
side walls squeezing a mere 4m (1 bay) width, a
domestic-scale windowed frontage filling the blank loading-door's frame, and its
high volume divided by a
floor, the presence of the containing shed is banished to the edges of even a
simple workshop. Four
small work-shops/studios were made inside De Loods - two are shown here.
MARIJKA - FURNITURE WORKSHOP - [bay 25]
WILMER - PAINTING STUDIO - [bay 28]
TYPE
1-3: TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO HOMES
In the empty undivided shed establishing a home
required dividing off a portion, differentiating the volume within it, installing/re-routing services,
providing the
manifold requirements of domestic living. Five
such homes were built inside De Loods - three are shown here - the earliest: the
first home built in De Loods, is presented first. This first De Loods home is
transitional between a type 1-1 workshop and a 'house' - it scatters its
functional parts in a single layer over its huge site like installations on a
workshop floor. The two other homes densely fill the volume of their more
restricted portions of the shed.
ALMA LANGEVELD - FAMILY HOME - [bays 19 to 21]
GRACE DE LA LUNA - HOME & WORK-SPACE - [bays 17/18]
EELCO LEEMANS - HOME - [bays 29/30 + parts of 31 to 33]
.
SITE 2: DE LOODS - CUSTOMS OFFICE
TYPE
2: DOMESTIC ADAPTATION OF OFFICE-SPACE
The erstwhile Customs House is a portion of De Loods specialised for offices
which required only minor adaptation for domestic use [Re: SILO - CENTRE
STAIR offices].
Occupied by a single family.
RENÉ & ANNALOOS - FAMILY HOME - [bays 33 to 37]
.
SITE 3: DE LOODS - DOCK-WORKERS' HOUSE
TYPE
3: SQUATTING AN EXISTING HOUSE
The dock-workers' house is a portion of De Loods pre-designed as homes, which
thus required no adaptation to domestic use beyond personal
choice of furniture and fittings. Occupied (in 1994) by eight people. One example
is shown here.
ERIC - HOME & DESIGN-OFFICE - [bays 48/49]
.
SITE 4: WESTERDOK QUAY
TYPE
4-1: WHOLE SELF-MADE HOUSES
Complete little independent houses were built on the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
AFRA - 'CARAVAN' HOME - [fronting N-end bungalow: 'bay 53+']
HASSAN - HOME - [fronting bays 52/53]
JOLIEN VAN DER MADEN - FAMILY HOME - [fronting bays 43/44]
TYPE
4-2: PARKED MOBILE HOMES
Caravans parked on the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
GRACE DE LA LUNA - [fronting bay apprx 3]
CRISTINE
- [fronting bay apprx 5]
.
SITE 5: WESTERDOK
TYPE
5: BERTHED LIVING-BOATS
Living-boats moored against the De Loods-Westerdok quay.
NOA - HOME & WORK-PLACE - [fronting bays apprx 24]
FRANCIEN - HOME - [fronting bays apprx 14]
DE LOODS WESTERDOK SHED: BAY REF-NUMBERS & APT/WK-SHOP NAMES / QUAY= HOUSE NAMES (at 1994) (SITE DR 1994--) De Loods comprises x54 4m wide bays (and a north end 1960 'house' extension). Its width is 10.5m; max ht 8m; length of shed (excluding north end house) is approx 212m. [NB: Shed bay-numbers (south to north = '1' to '54') are for my convenience - I never knew the official numbers ] [Due to time and access limitations size-info is incomplete --- too late now [2005] - the City council has destroyed the entire site !] |
.
TYPE 1-1: DE LOODS - USE OF THE UNTRANSFORMED SHED
The shed as an undifferentiated enclosure. This functionally undefined shed is equally sufficient for its original use for entrepot storage as for its new use as the enclosure of a fabrication workshop.
Shown here is the most pure example of Type 1. A similar workshop in a similarly undifferentiated portion of the shed (though closed at its south end by the new wall of an adjacent home) can be seen below [Re: LEEN Workshop - EELCO LEEMANS HOME].
.
BAS & ROB WORKSHOP (1993--) [bays 51 to 53]
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||
DE
LOODS: BAS & ROB WORKSHOP The shed in its original condition: an undifferentiated enclosed space. This final 5 bay portion north of the dock-workers' house was used entire - already separated from the rest of the shed it did not even require end-walls. |
DE
LOODS:
BAS & ROB WORKSHOP |
|
.
TYPE 1-2: DE LOODS - TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO WORK-SPACES
The functionally undefined shed was easily portioned into a row of individual spaces. Here are shown two (of the four) fabrication workshops. ... in process
.
MARIJKE
SMIT FURNITURE WORKSHOP (19##--)
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||
DE LOODS : MARIJKA FURNITURE WORKSHOP(pic 9-94 / to W) |
DE LOODS : MARIJKA FURNITURE WORKSHOP(pic 9-94 / to W) |
|
.
WILMER
PAINTING STUDIO
(19##--)
|
||
DE LOODS : WILMER PAINTING STUDIO(pic 9-94 / to W) |
DE LOODS : WILMER PAINTING STUDIO(pic 9-94 / to EEN) |
|
.
TYPE 1-3: DE LOODS - TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHED INTO HOMES
Three out of the 5 homes built inside De Loods are shown here. They illustrate three different ways of organizing the relation of home to location.
Alma’s, the earliest of the three homes, treats the shed-space as an ‘open site’ to build on - her house is a developed stage of the tented camp that was its inception. Unlike the other two examples, the ‘house-like’ part: its heated living/bed room, is not identical with a portion of the Shed itself, but is a box within the enclosure; the primary space of the shed is thus never conquered and digested as ‘home’. She prefers this ‘exterior’ solution, the contrast of sealed home and ‘open’ shed: (ALMA: “You couldn’t see the interesting things in De Loods under an ugly ceiling”).
Grace’s home is the opposite of the first, filling its site to the almost total physical and mental exclusion of its origin. It packs a narrow 8m slice of Shed with such dense convoluted routes of such strangely linked places, so fascinatingly encrusted with objects, that one can become lost inside it and (as in a dream or story) forget its location and lose sense of size and orientation.
Eelco’s well-made conventional wooden house excises a rectangular 2-bay
section of the shed between the usual cement-block walls - unusually however
these can be seen from without, like the facades of a row-house. It is entered through a scavenged ‘cottage-door’
approached along a flag-stoned ‘garden-path’ wending between machines across
a large fore-court of unredeemed workshop (itself entered through a steel door
in De Loods’ road front). At its rear one exits through a 'back-door' into a
small 'back-yard'. The dwelling can thus be more completely appraised as
an object: a ‘house inside a shed’ (almost a ‘whole-house’ version of
Alma’s living-room 'box').
.
In January 1983 much of De Loods was rented to companies for
store-space; there was one squatted studio-space [Paul],
and several people now occupied the rail-workers house.
The first time De Loods was squatted with the intention of building
homes in it was January ‘83 when a group of five (a single and two couples)
came from a neighbourhood squat, soon to be destroyed. As it turned out only two
of this group succeeded in forming a home beyond the ‘break-even point’: up
to which the investment can be defeated by memories of comfort!
The group took a 6-bay wide space (24x10m), next to Paul’s
enormous studio, divided from it by the ubiquitous polythene-curtain (of all
squats’ first-stage of territory differentiation). It was very cold - they
collected building materials and left (into accommodation courtesy of the
neighbourhood squatting group) - returning in April to find a new squatter
building with their materials, they helped him and replaced them from the skips
of the Houtmann renovation (an ex-squatted warehouse on Van Diemensstaat).
That summer the four remaining (the single man had left) camped
in tents inside their space - built a WC and shower (water piped through a 40m
hose from a still-functioning De Loods WC), and two cement-block walled top-less
living-enclosures. Before the winter they capped these ‘boxes’ with
timber-stiffened board ceilings and installed heaters. The group dispersed
however: one couple left and the other separated, dividing the space and ‘living-boxes’
between them - one of these is described below.
.
ALMA
LANGEVELD HOME
(1983--) Alma
has continued to differentiate her living-space around the core of its initial (8m
x 4·5m x 2·4m high) box-like inner room. This functions as a separate warm and
comfortable ‘house’ within the ‘outside’ space of the voluminous
enclosure of her portion of the shed, where other domestic needs/functions are
grouped along a kind of ‘street’, continuous with its entrance-passage. Lined
up along the west side is a row of cupboard-like objects (hiding a store-space
behind): first a curtained yellow WC raised over its drain; then kitchen-store,
clothes-store, etc-stores. Opposite: a toy kitchen, plastic-roofed shower (with
a mosaic quadrant tub), and a rudimentary kitchen with bottled-gas hob (so
common in Amsterdam flats and squats). Overhead the lagged water-pipes are part
of “a huge system of garden-hoses along the tops of walls and through the
gardens serving many boats and seven shed-dwellers” - all originating about
60M away in the old Customs Offices [Ref: RENÉ &
ANNALOOS HOME]. This
dwelling is another example of enhancement of sensation and significance by
contrast - (subdued in ‘mass-houses’ and replaced by mass-media stimulants):
Entering the big enclosing windowless shed and steering for the cosy inner room
is like approaching a house across its walled plot (albeit a house that has
spilled some of its more physical functions outside). Though the big shed is ‘outside’
to the inner room, it is a ‘blind’ enclosure (more opaque than a dark
night!) - the fact that only by going further in: into the most inward
and enclosed space, can the true outside be seen, gives the inner windowed room
an almost magical intensity of provision: an experiential temenos! [Ref:
EELCO L HOME]. In
cold weather especially, the dialectic of room/shed // outside/inside was
paradoxical and funny: if from shed into room felt like ‘going indoors’ in
terms of space and warmth, it yet led to contact with the real-outside...thus
leaving the room again and going into the enclosure of the shed to cook and so
on, evoked a sense of entering the ‘even-more inner parts of a house’, yet
in fact exposed one to the stimulating rigours of camping! Alma: “One cooks
with ones winter coat on.”. Almost
the whole home (structure and fittings) is scrap, free or cheap: cement-blocks
are second-hand, the inner-room’s’ ceiling is skipped wood and board (its
flimsiness assisted by two wire-cables to the trusses above), its two big
windows filling the loading-doors were free from a hall-of-residence re-con
(they fitted exactly without cutting - a story of ‘luck’ one hears so
frequently in relation to improvisation it begins to seem somehow innate in the
situation or ‘mind-set’); the stove was the only new item, and “very
expensive”. On
its large 'weather-sealed-plot' the home continues to change: the big ceilinged
box of the living-room has (1995) grown a smaller replica extension (for the
seven year old daughter) onto the unused site ‘outside’. (Alma
- talking about her 7 year old: “When she has a friend to stay they say ‘This
is a strange house’ ... she doesn’t find their houses strange ‘They’re
the common sort’”.)
THE FIRST HOME-BUILDING INSIDE DE LOODS
[Quotes are Alma's]
.
GRACE DE LA LUNA HOME (1988--)
It packs its quite narrow 8m slab so densely, like an intestine - such a convoluted route of spaces, so
strangely linked, so
beautiful in their rich incrustation of objects, that one forgets
completely it's inside a great bare shed, except as one rounds the back kitchen where the space opens and the house recedes - the coldness of the rear
road washes in like a brief tide over huge worn flag-stones and the shed shows its walls.
A weirdly childlike house, more like a story than a
‘real place’, but concrete, sensational, complex and rational,
constructionally proficient and marvellously ‘crafted’ - using things as
needed yet always so straightforwardly they invariably show the beauty of
their presence: objects as industrial as De Loods itself and others of
‘luxurious uselessness’.
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||
GRACE HOME
(BAYS 18/17) IN CONTEXT - DE
LOODS WESTERDOKSDIJK ROAD FACADE (BAYS 18 to 1) Looking back to the road's south entry from Bays 18 and 17 (Grace's home). Walking along this dismal rear of the shed, Grace's bay 17 construction of windows (found by Maria) is the first evidence of individualistic intervention. To its right, bay 18 - almost completely blocked with planks - is Grace's kitchen (its water-waste pipe protrudes from its facade). |
GRACE
HOME (BAYS 17/18) IN CONTEXT OF DE LOODS WESTERDOK FACADE (BAYS 16 TO 23) Grace's bay 17's facade-extension [see next pic] is supported on the De Loods loading platform, it provides Grace's SW front room with a veranda and her SW upper room a terrace served by a wall opening enlarged from the strip-window that heads each De Loods bay-door and filled with scrapped windows. Its post-supported 'totem' is a performance prop. |
GRACE
HOME (BAY 17) WESTERDOK FACADE
Grace's bay 17's facade-extension
was made by Maria.
|
GRACE HOME (BAY 18) WESTERDOK FACADE
(pic
9-94 / to EEN) |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 18]: DJEFF'S ROOM |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 18]: DJEFF'S ROOM TO REAR |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 18]: DJEFF'S ROOM - NE CORNER & PASSAGE TO KITCHEN |
GRACE HOME [BAY 18/17]: E SIDE - CENTRE
DIVISION OF THE TWO BAYS |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 17]: PASSAGE TO FRONT SW-ROOM FROM NEAR REAR STAIR Passage from rear stair hall to front SW room; (this runs parallel to another short passage from the kitchen to the front NW room (Djeff's)). |
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GRACE HOME [BAY 18/17]:
KITCHEN |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 17]: FROM KITCHEN: HALL OF E-STAIR The red curtain was a Russian gift. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: E-STAIR TO
'ZYKLUS' STORE Before the house was enclosed the performance group 'Zyklus' made props in de Loods. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: L1 E-STAIR TOP:
'ZYKLUS' STORE |
GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: L1
NE CORNER: 'ZYKLUS' STORE |
GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: L1 FRONT STORE SPACE Upper W-front store space for Grace's shop clothes. Polythene guides water from the leaky skylight to a pipe through the front facade. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 18]: L1 FRONT STORE SPACE Upper front store space with curtained entry to SW room. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: L1 FRONT
SW-ROOM Upper front SW room - view down from the store-space entry. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: L1 FRONT
SW-ROOM Upper front SW room with curtained entry from front store-space a metre up the wall [pic: rt]. |
GRACE
HOME [BAY 17]: L1FRONT SW-ROOM This upper front SW room is windowed with ######, Here at floor level - a mirror, like a hole in the facing wall, reflects Westerdok's waves. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]:
L1 FRONT SW-ROOM Upper front (SW) room with curtained entry from front store-space and floor-hole stair to the front lower room. |
GRACE HOME [BAY 17]: L0 FRONT
SW-ROOM Lower front (SW) room with stair from the upper front room and passage to rear stair and kitchen. |
.
EELCO LEEMANS HOME (WIEKE: 1985 or 86- / EELCO: 1989-- )
A cement-block walled and wooden floored two-story ’house’ with a ‘forecourt’ and ‘back-yard’, excising a two-bay section of the Shed. Begun in ‘85 or ‘86 by Wieke van der Hayden who built its walls; then had to leave and sold them to Eelco in ‘87 “at cost”. He completed the wooden interior (with family carpenter help) in three summer months.
The other De Loods homes (like row-housing) share their demarcating walls. Unlike them Eelco’s is flanked by open workshop spaces and presents its 'exterior' walls to the interior of the Shed as facades - thus its bizarre characteristic: seen from the Shed’s exterior it is like the other De Loods homes co-existent with it, from the interior however it resembles a ‘house’ standing on a plot of land. Approached across its 8m ‘forecourt’ of grimy flagstones littered with ‘garden-features’ of rusty machines, its facade fills the shed’s pitched-roof-section with a stereotypical ‘house-shape’, even emitting a ‘welcome-glow’ through the windows of its scavenged ‘cottage-style' door - while at its ‘rear’ a ‘back-door’ opens into a walled ‘back-yard’, overlooked by living- and wash-rooms through domestic ‘cottage-style’ windows. Facing these facades one forgets that this familiar house-form is enclosed under, and is using as its own, the shed's great roof !
.
The house
itself though stylish and well made is a conventional example of an Amsterdam improvised
home - experienced in relation to its location however it is evocative of
dreams! The form is that of a journey moving inwards towards its goal through
sucessive spatial enclosures. The public roads, the huge squatted shed, the
multifarious necessities of the domestic centre nest inside each other in a
sequence of containing spaces diminishing in size as they increase in
complexity. The
sequence runs as follows : First the
space of the limitless sky and wide water of Het Ij, riding west from Centraal
Station along De Ruijterkade, narrowing into the vanishing perspective of
Westerdoksdijk, a straight trough of dirty cobbles between embanked trains and the great length of the squatted brick shed. Then
through a steel door into the second space, the voluminous and simple interior
of the squatted building, the high grey volume of a rust and machine littered
workshop, its length blocked by the new wall of a house built entirely within
it, emitting a "welcome-glow" through the little windows of its
'cottage door'. Entering
this third space resembles a dream-threshold, so extreme is the
dislocation in the context of expectation, the sudden knowledge one has reached
a centre - the familiarity of home. Completely within the harshness of street
alley shed: the comfort and security, the relaxation and beauty of an
entire little house opening through wide glazing onto idyllic water-fringing
terraces. A transformation so unforseen that (for me at least) it evokes fairy-tales. A paradigm
of a symbolic journey to a hidden temenos, passing thresholds of significence
towards a precious centre of renewal and safety (- it resembles an
illustration to a text of Analytical Psychology!). .
THE HOME AND ITS ENVIRONS: A SYMBOLIC JOURNEY
[synopsis (5-1993) - for 1992
video]
.
CONTENTS
4
SITES
TETTERODE
DE
LOODS
EDELWEIS
APPENDICES
NOTES
SUB-SITES